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THE HEALTH LIBRARY · 62 TOPICS

Understanding is
the first step.

Clear answers, in one place. Search a question or explore a stage of care.

62 articles

Arabic & English
Understanding breast healthPatient guide
Understanding breast health

Gross Anatomy of the Breast and Axilla

Understanding normal breast structures makes examination reports, scans, and surgical decisions easier to follow.

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Understanding breast healthPatient guide
Understanding breast health

Physiology and Developmental Stages of the Breast

The breast changes throughout life. Knowing which changes are expected helps you notice those that need assessment.

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Understanding breast healthPatient guide
Understanding breast health

Breast Cancer Epidemiology

Population statistics help communities plan care, but they cannot predict an individual person's future.

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Understanding breast healthPatient guide
Understanding breast health

Effect of Oestrogen Exposure, Obesity, Exercise and Diet on Breast Cancer Risk

Risk is shaped by several factors. Practical, sustainable habits can support health without promising complete prevention.

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Understanding breast healthPatient guide
Understanding breast health

Hereditary Breast Cancer Genetics and Risk Prediction Techniques

Genetic counselling and careful family-history assessment can clarify whether additional screening or prevention is appropriate.

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Screening & preventionPatient guide
Screening & prevention

Screening for High-Familial-Risk Women

A strong family history may call for an earlier, more intensive screening plan designed with a specialist.

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Screening & preventionPatient guide
Screening & prevention

Risk-Reducing Breast and Ovarian Surgery for Women at High Familial Risk

Preventive surgery is an option for selected people at very high inherited risk and requires careful, unhurried counselling.

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Screening & preventionPatient guide
Screening & prevention

The Role of Breast Cancer Chemoprevention in High-Risk Women

Some hormone-blocking medicines can lower the chance of certain breast cancers in people whose expected benefit outweighs the risks.

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Screening & preventionPatient guide
Screening & prevention

Molecular Profiling of Breast Cancer and DCIS

Laboratory tests describe how a tumour behaves and which treatments may help. Not every molecular test is useful for every person.

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Screening & preventionPatient guide
Screening & prevention

Pathology of High-Risk Breast Lesions

A high-risk biopsy result is not necessarily cancer, but it can affect further sampling and long-term surveillance.

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Screening & preventionPatient guide
Screening & prevention

Ductal Carcinoma in Situ

DCIS means abnormal cells are confined to milk ducts. Decisions aim to reduce the risk of future invasive disease while considering treatment burdens.

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Screening & preventionPatient guide
Screening & prevention

Imaging of the Breast

Mammography, ultrasound, and MRI answer different questions. Choosing the right test depends on symptoms, age, risk, and earlier results.

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Screening & preventionPatient guide
Screening & prevention

Breast Cancer Screening

A clear screening plan and prompt assessment of symptoms work together to support earlier diagnosis in Jordan.

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Diagnosis & breast surgeryPatient guide
Diagnosis & breast surgery

Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Staging of Breast Cancer

Diagnosis combines clinical assessment, imaging, and tissue testing. Staging describes extent and helps build an individual treatment plan.

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Diagnosis & breast surgeryPatient guide
Diagnosis & breast surgery

Pathology of Breast Cancer

The pathology report turns a tissue sample into information that guides surgery, medicines, and radiotherapy.

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Diagnosis & breast surgeryPatient guide
Diagnosis & breast surgery

The Breast and Oncoplastic Multidisciplinary Team

Good breast care connects cancer treatment, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and the person's own priorities.

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Diagnosis & breast surgeryPatient guide
Diagnosis & breast surgery

Surgery to the Breast: Mastectomy

Mastectomy removes most breast tissue. The operation, reconstruction choices, and other treatments are tailored to the cancer and the person.

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Diagnosis & breast surgeryPatient guide
Diagnosis & breast surgery

Surgery to the Breast: Breast Conservation Techniques

Breast-conserving surgery removes the cancer while preserving as much healthy breast as safely possible.

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Diagnosis & breast surgeryPatient guide
Diagnosis & breast surgery

Oncoplastic Breast-Conserving Therapy

Oncoplastic surgery combines cancer removal with techniques that reshape or replace breast tissue.

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Diagnosis & breast surgeryPatient guide
Diagnosis & breast surgery

Fat Transfer in Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery

Fat grafting can soften contour defects after breast surgery, but results and the number of procedures vary.

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Diagnosis & breast surgeryPatient guide
Diagnosis & breast surgery

Breast Surgery after Primary Systemic Treatment

Medicines before surgery can shrink disease and show how it responds. Surgery is then planned using both the original findings and the treatment response.

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Diagnosis & breast surgeryPatient guide
Diagnosis & breast surgery

Surgery for Locally Recurrent Breast Cancer

A local recurrence needs fresh assessment. The best treatment depends on where it is, its biology, and which treatments were used before.

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Diagnosis & breast surgeryPatient guide
Diagnosis & breast surgery

Management of the Axilla: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Sentinel-node biopsy checks a small number of drainage nodes to help plan care while limiting the amount of underarm surgery.

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Diagnosis & breast surgeryPatient guide
Diagnosis & breast surgery

Axillary Node Clearance

Axillary clearance removes a group of underarm nodes when more extensive treatment or staging is needed.

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Diagnosis & breast surgeryPatient guide
Diagnosis & breast surgery

Axillary Management in the Neoadjuvant Setting

The underarm operation after preoperative treatment is planned from the original nodal findings and the response to treatment.

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Diagnosis & breast surgeryPatient guide
Diagnosis & breast surgery

Axillary Reverse Mapping: ARM

ARM is a specialist technique intended to identify lymph drainage from the arm during underarm surgery.

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Breast reconstructionPatient guide
Breast reconstruction

Immediate Reconstruction: General and Oncological Considerations

Immediate reconstruction begins during the mastectomy operation. It is one option among several, not an obligation.

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Breast reconstructionPatient guide
Breast reconstruction

Delayed Breast Reconstruction: General and Oncological Considerations

Reconstruction can be considered after mastectomy recovery and cancer treatment, sometimes months or years later.

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Breast reconstructionPatient guide
Breast reconstruction

Breast Implants: Design, Safety and Indications for Use

Implants can restore breast volume, but they require informed consent and long-term attention.

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Breast reconstructionPatient guide
Breast reconstruction

Specific Implant-Based Techniques for Breast Reconstruction

Implant reconstruction can be performed in one stage or through an expander, with placement above or below the chest muscle.

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Breast reconstructionPatient guide
Breast reconstruction

Specific Autologous Flap Techniques

A flap rebuilds the breast using tissue from another part of the person's body, with its own blood supply.

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Breast reconstructionPatient guide
Breast reconstruction

Goldilocks Procedure

A reconstruction option that reshapes the skin and fat remaining after mastectomy into a small breast mound.

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Breast reconstructionPatient guide
Breast reconstruction

Nipple Reconstruction

Surgery, medical tattooing or an external prosthesis can recreate the appearance of a nipple and areola after reconstruction.

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Breast reconstructionPatient guide
Breast reconstruction

Complications of Breast Surgery and Their Management

Knowing the difference between expected recovery and warning signs helps you seek the right care promptly.

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Treatment beyond surgeryPatient guide
Treatment beyond surgery

Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy

After surgery, endocrine treatment can lower recurrence risk for breast cancers with hormone receptors.

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Treatment beyond surgeryPatient guide
Treatment beyond surgery

Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy after surgery may reduce recurrence risk; the decision depends on the cancer's features and your health.

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Treatment beyond surgeryPatient guide
Treatment beyond surgery

Adjuvant Molecular Therapies in Breast Cancer

Targeted treatments act on particular cancer features and can reduce recurrence risk in selected patients.

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Treatment beyond surgeryPatient guide
Treatment beyond surgery

Primary Systemic Therapy for Breast Cancer

Medicines given before surgery can shrink the cancer, show its response and guide later treatment.

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Treatment beyond surgeryPatient guide
Treatment beyond surgery

Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer

Radiotherapy directs energy at a planned area to lower local recurrence risk or relieve selected symptoms.

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Care for individual needsPatient guide
Care for individual needs

Breast Cancer in Special Groups: Young Women with Early Breast Cancer

Care for younger women considers cancer biology alongside fertility, relationships, work and emotional well-being.

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Care for individual needsPatient guide
Care for individual needs

Hereditary Breast Cancer

Inherited gene changes can raise cancer risk; genetic counselling helps explain testing, results and options.

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Care for individual needsPatient guide
Care for individual needs

Breast Cancer in Special Groups: Breast Cancer in Pregnancy

Treatment during pregnancy requires a coordinated plan based on cancer features, gestational age and maternal and fetal health.

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Care for individual needsPatient guide
Care for individual needs

Fertility Preservation in Women with Breast Cancer

An early fertility consultation can explain preservation options and their limitations before cancer treatment begins.

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Care for individual needsPatient guide
Care for individual needs

Breast Cancer in Older Patients

Age alone should not decide treatment; function, other illnesses, independence and personal goals matter.

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Care for individual needsPatient guide
Care for individual needs

Breast Cancer in the Male Patient

Men can develop breast cancer too; a lump or nipple change deserves prompt assessment.

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Care for individual needsPatient guide
Care for individual needs

Sarcoma of the Breast

Breast sarcoma is a rare tumour of supporting tissues that requires specialist pathology and treatment planning.

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Care for individual needsPatient guide
Care for individual needs

Desmoid (Aggressive) Fibromatosis of the Breast

This rare tumour can resemble breast cancer but does not spread to distant organs; active surveillance may be appropriate.

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Advanced breast cancerPatient guide
Advanced breast cancer

Locally Advanced Breast Cancer

Locally advanced disease involves more extensive breast, skin or nearby lymph-node disease, without automatically meaning distant spread.

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Advanced breast cancerPatient guide
Advanced breast cancer

Metastatic Breast Cancer: Prognosis, Diagnosis and Oncological Management

When breast cancer spreads to distant organs, care focuses on controlling disease, relieving symptoms and maintaining quality of life.

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Advanced breast cancerPatient guide
Advanced breast cancer

The Role of Surgery in Metastatic Disease to the Bone

Surgery can stabilise weakened bone, treat fractures or relieve nerve compression as part of broader metastatic care.

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Advanced breast cancerPatient guide
Advanced breast cancer

Roles of Surgery and Modern Radiation Techniques in Metastatic Disease Affecting the Brain

Surgery, focused radiation and other options depend on the size, number and location of brain metastases and the person's health.

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Advanced breast cancerPatient guide
Advanced breast cancer

Local Therapies for Liver Metastases from Breast Cancer

Systemic treatment is usually central; liver-directed procedures may be considered for carefully selected situations.

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Advanced breast cancerPatient guide
Advanced breast cancer

Role of Surgery in Lung Metastases from Breast Cancer

Surgery sometimes helps with diagnosis or chest symptoms, while systemic medicines remain central for most patients.

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Advanced breast cancerPatient guide
Advanced breast cancer

Surgery for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer

Surgery is planned with systemic treatment and radiotherapy, according to tumour extent, subtype and response.

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Advanced breast cancerPatient guide
Advanced breast cancer

The Role of Surgery to the Primary Cancer in Stage IV Disease

With distant metastases, breast surgery is not routinely used to prolong life, but may help selected local symptoms.

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Advanced breast cancerPatient guide
Advanced breast cancer

Palliative Care

Palliative care supports comfort, quality of life and families, and can begin alongside active cancer treatment.

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Advanced breast cancerPatient guide
Advanced breast cancer

Supportive Care

Supportive care begins at diagnosis to manage symptoms, treatment side effects and everyday practical needs.

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Living well & recoveryPatient guide
Living well & recovery

Breast Cancer Survivorship: Chronic Post-operative Pain and Sensory Changes

Persistent pain or numbness after surgery deserves assessment and a tailored plan to improve comfort and function.

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Living well & recoveryPatient guide
Living well & recovery

Breast Cancer Survivorship: Psychological Distress, Body Image, Sexuality and Importance of the Clinical Consultation

Emotions, body image and intimacy are important parts of care and deserve private, respectful discussion.

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Living well & recoveryPatient guide
Living well & recovery

Bone Health in Patients with Breast Cancer

Some breast cancer treatments and lower oestrogen levels affect bone density; a prevention plan can reduce fracture risk.

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Living well & recoveryPatient guide
Living well & recovery

Nursing Issues and the Role of the Specialist Nurse in Breast Care

A specialist breast nurse helps explain care, supports recovery and coordinates communication with the wider team.

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Living well & recoveryPatient guide
Living well & recovery

Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema

Arm, hand or breast swelling can occur after lymph-node treatment or radiation; early assessment helps manage it.

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